In summer, the high temperature always restricts the development of many mushrooms, the followings are some varieties that are fit to be cultivated in summer:
1. Agaricus campestris: it is a kind of medium temperature type variety, the suitable temperature range of Agaricus campestris on spawns is from 20 to 34 degrees, the most suitable temperature range is from 25 to 17 degrees, the suitable temperature range during the growth period of sporocarps is from 27 to 29 degrees, it is unfavorable for the fruiting when the temperature is under 30 degrees or below 26 degrees.
It is general to sow Agaricus campestris in summer. The cultivation method of fruiting in early autumn is optimal, which can not only utilize advantages such as high temperature resistance to cultivate spawns, but also can realize fruiting and marketing in the slack season of early autumn, thus filling the gap in the market and increasing production benefits.
The cultivation and management techniques of Agaricus campestris is basically similar with Button mushroom, main raw materials are rice, wheat straw, cow dung and pig manure, it can be cultivated both in indoor shelves and outdoor greenhouse, the fruiting period is relatively short and only can be picked for 3 to 4 flushes generally. Therefore, it is improper to prepare too thick compost and it is best to keep the thickness in about 12 cm. The temperature adjustment and moisture management play a key role in guaranteeing superior and high yield production.
2. Straw mushroom: it is a kind of high temperature type mushroom and it sensitive to temperature during its growth period. In order to realize normal spawn running and fruiting after sowing, people could choose the cultivation season which owns the daily average temperature of above 23 degrees. Straw mushroom is generally cultivated from the first ten days and the last ten days of June to the last ten days of August, which is fit for the growth of sporocarps and spawns. People who hold plastic greenhouses could put bring forward the sowing time to the middle of May.
Straw mushroom can be cultivated both indoors and outdoors, but outdoor cultivation is preferred. When choosing to cultivate outdoors, people could choose the farmland where has fertile, loose, ventilate soil and convenient irrigation and drainage, farmland that possesses the previous crop of watermelon and oilseed rape is the optimal choice. Before cultivating, people could firstly clear up the grass and guarantee the ability to drain waterlogging and irrigate dry land.
Materials that are used for cultivating Straw mushroom should be dried and free from mould. People could expose them under the blazing sun for 2 to 3 days ahead of time. Newly harvested straws should be thoroughly dried or it will be easy to cause rotten material. Before sowing, people could prewet and mix material with 5% of lime water, 4 to 5 days of heap-building and fermentation can be arranged when finding that PH Value is above 12 and the water content of substrate on compost is in between 65% and 70%.
In the production of Straw mushroom, the genetic gene of strains is fatal, choosing superior and high-yield strain can evidently increase yield and quality. People could moderately increase 15% of sowing amount to accelerate the growth of spawns and inhibit the generating of sundry fungi. Practice has proven that the pile-type cultivation, ridge-type cultivation and bed-type cultivation are hard to achieve high yield, the main reason is that the requirements on temperature and humidity are hard to be met. But the yield can be evidently increased when adopting the method of “Two segments cultivation”, which is to adopt bag cultivation and then remove bags, realize earthing and fruiting in plastic low tunnel or plastic greenhouse. The first advantage of this method is that it can link materials of straw tightly together, which is beneficial for spawn running and reducing dead mushrooms. The second advantage is that the temperature of material can be flexibly mastered during the spawn running period and promote the normal growth of spawns. The third advantage is that microclimate environment and physical structure in mushroom house can be improved by earthing up and a more stable environment can be remained from the formation of promordium on sporocarps to growth and development.
3. Pleurotus abalonus: it is a kind of medium and high type rare mushroom, the fruiting period of Pleurotus abalonus situates the period of slack sales in mushroom market, plus some characteristics such as thick texture, resistant to transport and unique and excellent flavor of abalone, the price of Pleurotus abalonus is high the market prospect is good.
During March and July, people could utilize materials such as cottonseed hull, corncob, bagasse, sawdust, wheat straw and bran to cultivate Pleurotus abalonus in the way of mature material bag cultivation. In general, 4 or 5 flushes can be picked and biological conversion rate can be about 90%.
Every year after May, the quantity of supply on fresh mushroom will become less than less, especially in the three months from June to August, it is basically hard to see other mushroom varieties in addition to a few Straw mushroom and other high-temperature type mushroom, which provides the producers who develop high-temperature type Oyster mushroom with a promising market space. The cultivation of Oyster mushroom in high temperature owns short production period, big market demand and high price, which can not only meet the market requirements, but also can raise the income of mushroom growers.
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