malformed mushroom is a common phenomenon in Oyster mushroom production, which can seriously affect the quality and output of Oyster mushroom or even result in the loss of commodity value. This kind of disease is mainly caused by improper management, few is caused by degeneration, variation and virus infection of strains.
Main varieties of malformed mushroom are:
A. “Tall Mushroom”: mushroom caps are small, differentiation is poor, mushroom stipes are long. Occurrence reason is mushroom house is lack of oxygen, sunlight and high temperature, which affect the normal differentiation and development of caps in the formation phase of primordium and differentiation phase.
Control method: increase ventilation, adjust light and temperature.
B. “Tumour Cap Mushroom”: edges of caps have granular protuberance, with light color, caps are rigid and have slow growth and tops has poor differentiation ability and in abnormal shapes in some serious situations.
Occurrence reason: the developmental temperature of mushroom bodies is too low and time of duration is long, which make growth of inner and outer layer cells become maladjusted.
Control method: adjust the temperature of mushroom house to the limit that above minimum temperature on Oyster mushroom growing, create certain temperature difference to promote the development, growing and differentiation of mushroom bodies.
C. “Cauliflower Mushroom”: shapes like cauliflower and has much branching. In initial stage, primordium presents egg-shaped, intumescent, ridgy and in undifferentiated state. In later stage, mushrooms have much branching.
Occurrence reason: high concentration of pesticides have been sprayed on mushroom house before fruiting. During the fruiting period, DDVP is the common pesticide. Another reason is too high concentration of Carbon dioxide and Sulfur dioxide.
Control method: mushroom farmers should be cautious on the utilization of pesticides to mushroom houses and avoid too high concentration. DDVP is prohibited in fruiting period. People should also increase frequent ventilation and discharge harmful gases.
D. “Atrophic Mushroom”: in initial period, mushroom bodies are normal, in expansion period, they become yellow, edema, wizened shape and stop growing, finally become soft and rotten.
Occurrence reason: excessive humidity or excessive water on young mushroom bodies and result in water absorption of mushroom tissue. Excessive ventilation is another reason, direct airing will cause lack of water and death of Oyster mushroom. Anomalotrophy is another reason in substrate. After the formation of primordium, some get quick development and the others stop growing for the reason of insufficient supplement on nutrition.
Control method: keep humidity in 80% to 85%, it is improper to spray water on young mushroom bodies and avoid direct airing, reasonable ingredients are needed to be mixed in compost.
E. “Coral Mushroom”: appears much breaching, the differentiation of primordium is abnormal and incompact, shaped like coral.
Occurrence reason: serious poor ventilation in primordium, weak light and lack of Nitrogen source.
Control method: increase ventilation, adjust light and increase Nitrogen.
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