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Common pest control methods on Shiitakes of Northern China

2016-06-27 16:42:54
Control method: farmers should strictly control pollution source, choose fresh raw material such as fresh sawdust and fresh bran, clean surrounding rubbish and add 50% of Carbendazim when preparing compost. What’s more, farmers should also make thorough sterilization on substrate, use alcohol to sterilize when inoculation, keep a clean and dry spawn-running place and prevent excess water-spraying and ventilation. The most important thing is that farmers should give up strains which are infected by sundry fungus to prevent contagion.
Common pest control methods:
1. Springtail: after entering into high temperature and high humidity season, springtails are common pests in fruiting and directly influence output.
Prevention method: reduce the temperature of greenhouse and humidity, put the mixture of 80% of DDVP and honey to trap and kill, scatter lime powder on wall and ground and spray drug on weed and branch.
2. Nematode: common pest is Rhabditida, which presents pink and is 1mm in length.
Prevention method: the sterilization of substrate should be thorough, the source of water should be clean,  prevent excess water-spraying and increase ventilation. When finding Nematode, farmers can spray with 5% of lime water, 1% of saline solution and scatter lime powder to sterilize at the same time. 
Common control method of disease:
1. Abnormal mushroom: “Bigfoot mushroom” is thick and short in stipes and incrassated in fungi cap, main reason is that they were influenced by high temperature when fruiting. Control method is to select varieties which can meet the requirement of temperature and arrange production season reasonably. Low humidity and high temperature will cause hollow mushroom, the control method is to moisturize in time after each harvesting. “Turbo petholatu mushroom” shapes like escargots in cap, main reason is that it got fruited in low temperature when belongs to high temperature variety and not matured. Excess Nitrogen is another reason. Control method is to make symptomatic treatment, arrange fruiting period, remove “Turbo petholatu mushroom” in time and make fruiting again in moderate temperature.
2. “Atrophic and rotten mushroom”: too high humidity and the invasion of sundry fungus can cause the phenomenon of atrophy and rot. Some are in viral, which result in degeneration of spawn, rotten sporocarp and too high carbon dioxide. Control method is to adjust temperature, avoid the infringement of high temperature, control the humidity and keep relative air humidity of greenhouse in about 90%, keep water content of sticks in about 60%, check frequently and smear lime water in certain part.
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